23. Skin Cancer
SKIN CANCER
PART-1
NON-MELANOMA SKIN CANCER
(1) Overview
(2) Risk
factors
(3) Signs &
Symptoms
(4)
Diagnosis as per modern science
(5) Staging
(6)
Treatment as per Ayurveda
(1) Overview: -
Skin cancer
is the most common of all cancers. Reducing exposure to
ultraviolet light from sun’s radiation can prevent most
skin cancers. Skin cancer if detected early is treatable.
The skin,
the body’s largest organ protects against infection and
injury and helps regulate body temperature. The skin also
stores water and fat and produces vitamin D. Skin is made
up of two main layers. The epidermis (outer layer of the
skin) and the dermis (inner layer of the skin).
Types of
Skin Cancers: -
There are
three main types of skin cancers
(a) Squamous
cell carcinoma: - Most of the epidermis is made up of
flat, scale like cells squamous cells. Cancer of these
cells is called Squamous cell carcinoma. It usually arises
from sun exposure, but can appear on skin that has been
burned, damaged by chemicals, or exposed to x-rays.
(b) Basal
cell carcinomas: - Cells in the lower epidermis are round
cells known as basal cells. A great majority of skin
cancers develop from this type of cells that have been
exposed to the sun and is called basal cell carcinoma.
Basal cell carcinoma most often forms on the head & neck.
(c)
Melanoma: - Where the epidermis meets the dermis, there
are scattered cells called melanocytes, which produces,
the melanin that gives skin color. Melanoma starts in
melanocytes, and it is the most serious of the three
cancer types.
Squamous
cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma are known as
non-melanoma skin cancers.
(2) Risk Factors: -
(i) Exposure
to UV Radiation.
(ii) Fair
Skin: - Less pigment in skin means poorer protection
against UV radiation. Those who burn easily by exposure to
sunlight are more likely to develop skin cancer.
(iii)
Gender: - Rate of skin cancer in white people has
increased in recent years.
(iv) Age: -
Most basal cell and Squamous cell cancers appear after age
50, but may appear earlier in individual with sun-damaged
skin.
(v)
Individual History: - People with weakened immune system
or those who use certain medications such as
immunosuppressive drugs, certain steroids and drugs that
makes the skin sensitive to light, are at a higher risk
for developing skin cancer, particularly Squamous cell
cancers.
(vi)
Precancerous condition: - Two types of lesions known as
actinic keratoses, characterized by rough, red or scaly
skin, or Brown’s disease which is common in people exposed
to sun. Such conditions can lead to Squamous cell cancers.
(vii) Viral
infections: - People infected with a specific type of
Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) are at increased risk for
developing Squamous cell carcinoma, particularly if their
immune system becomes suppressed.
(3) Signs & Symptoms of
non-melanoma skin cancers: -
(a) An open
sore that bleeds, oozes, or crusts, and remains open for
several weeks.
(b) A
Reddish raised patch, or irritated area that may crust or
itch, and rarely hurts.
(c) A shiny
pink, red or white pearly or translucent bump.
(d) A pink
growth with an elevated border and crusted central
indentation.
(e) A
scar-like, white yellow or waxy area, often poorly
defined.
(f) An
elevated growth with a rough surface and a central
depression.
(4) Diagnosis as per modern
science: -
(i) Skin
biopsy
(ii) Shave
biopsy
(iii) Punch
biopsy
(iv)
Incisional and excisional biopsy
(v) Lymph
node biopsy
(vi) Fine
needle aspiration biopsy
(vii)
Surgical lymph node biopsy
(5) Staging: -
(1) Stage 0:
- Squamous cell carcinoma in situ, also called Bowen’s
disease.
(2) Stage I:
- The cancer is small and has not spread to lymph nodes or
other organs.
(3) Stage
II: - The cancer is large and has not spread to lymph
nodes or other organs.
(4) Stage
III: - The cancer has spread to tissues beneath the skin,
such as muscles, bones, or cartilage, and or it has spread
to regional lymph nodes.
(5) Stage
IV: - The cancer is very large size, and it has spread to
lymph nodes. It has spread to other organs such as the
lungs or brain.
(6) Treatment as per Ayurveda: -
PART-II
MELANOMA SKIN CANCERS
(1) Overview
(2) Risk
Factors
(3) Signs &
Symptoms of melanoma skin cancer
(4)
Diagnosis as per modern science
(5) Staging
(6)
Treatment according to Ayurveda
(1) Overview: -
Melanoma is
a cancer that begins in the melanocytes. Because most
melanoma cells keep producing melanin, melanoma tumors are
usually, but not as a rule, brown or black. Melanoma is
much less common than basal cell and Squamous cell skin
cancers, but it is very difficult to cure.
Melanoma
mostly appears in fair skinned people, but colored skin
people are also affected. This cancer can develop on the
palms of hands, soles of feet, and under the nails.
Rarely, melanomas can form in the inner parts of the body,
like eyes, mouth, vagina, and other internal organs.
A kind of
skin cancer that looks like melanoma is called spitz
nevus. These tumors can be mistaken with melanoma. These
are generally benign and do not spread, but sometimes
diagnosis is difficult to differentiate between the two.
(2) Risk Factors: -
(a) Moles: -
A nevus is a benign tumor. Moles are not usually present
at birth but begin to appear in children and teenagers.
Having certain types of moles makes a person more likely
to develop melanoma.
Having a
dysplastic nevus or atypical mole, increases a person’s
risk of melanoma. Dysplastic nevi, looks like normal
moles, but may typically look a little like melanoma. They
can appear in areas that are exposed to the sun, as well
as those areas that are usually covered, such as the
buttocks and scalp. They are larger than moles.
(b) Fair
skin: - The risk of melanoma is very high, almost 20 times
in white skin people as compared to colored skin people.
The skin pigment has a protective effect. Each person
regardless of skin color can develop melanoma,
particularly on the palms of the hands, on the soles of
the feet, under the nails, inside the mouth, and rarely in
internal organs.
(c) Family
history: - Risk of melanoma is higher if a member of the
family has had the disease.
(d) Immune
suppression: - People who have been treated with medicines
that suppress the immune system, such as organ transplant
patients have an increased risk of developing melanoma.
(e) Exposure
to Ultraviolet light radiation.
(f) Age: -
The risk of melanoma increases with age.
(3) Signs & Symptoms: -
(i) One half
of the mole does not match the other half.
(ii) The
edges of the moles are irregular, rugged, blurred or
notched.
(iii) Color
over the mole is not the same. There may be different
shades of tan, brown or black, and sometimes patches of
red, blue or white.
(iv) The
mole is large in diameter. Usually 3 to 6 millimeters in
diameter.
(4) Diagnosis as per modern
science: -
(a)
Incisional and excisional biopsy
(b) Shave
biopsy
(c) Punch
biopsy
(5) Staging: -
(i) Stage 0:
- The melanoma in situ, it involves the epidermis but has
not spread to the dermis.
(ii) Stage
I: - The melanoma is less than 1.0mm in thickness, and is
not ulcerated. It appears to be localized in the skin and
has not spread to the lymph nodes or distant organs.
(iii) Stage
II: - The melanoma is between 1 to 4 mm in thickness and
is ulcerated. It appears to be localized in the skin, has
not spread to lymph nodes or distant organs.
(iv) Stage
III: - The melanoma has spread to lymph nodes near the
affected skin area. There is no distant spread.
(v) Stage
IV: - The melanoma has spread beyond the original area of
the skin and nearby lymph nodes to other organs, such as
the lungs, liver or brain, or to distant areas of the skin
or lymph nodes.
(6) Treatment as per Ayurveda: -
Results of 770 patients of
various types of cancer treated at DARF during Jan.2004 to
Dec.2004.
(1) Total no. of Primary cancer
504. In all 504 patients with primary cancer of various
types were treated at DARF.
- 13%
patients were rendered disease free
- 20.63%
patients were markedly improved
- 65.27%
patients were improved
- 0.9%
patients were uncured
(2) Total no. of Secondary
(metastases) cancer 266. In all 266 patients with
metastases of different types were treated at DARF.
- 12.03%
patients were rendered disease free
- 18.04%
patients were markedly improved
- 68.79%
patients were improved
- 1.12%
patients were uncured
The above results show the high
effectiveness of DARF anti cancer therapy.
(3) Ayurvedic herbs used in the
treatment of skin cancer : -
(Keep watching this space for
more results. To be added soon article on research on high
affectivity of herbs in cancer.)
(Prepared by Divyajyot
Ayurvedic Research foundation India. We are conducting
research and treatment in Ayurvedic herbal cure of
cancer since last 25 years. The data and information
contained on this site is based on Ayurvedic herbal
wisdom and our research.)
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